Least Resistance Training Concepts (LRTC) Volunteers Training for Emergencies

LRTC Emergency Response Team INFORMATION SHEET Basic Rope Rescue Systems Part Three This feature is a continuation of Part One which explains the concepts for this discussion.   Anchor Points The foundation for any safe hauling system involves a proper anchor point. Natural objects may be present such as known sound structural elements or sufficiently strong trees. Vehicles can also be used as anchor points provided the points of attachment preclude any chance of slipping off and do not have edges that could cut or damage the gear attached to them. For example, bumpers and trailer hitch balls are not approved anchor points. When trees are used as anchor points a proper "Tree Saver" or suitable padded strapping should be used to prevent damage to the tree. Any time a rescue system is attached to a vehicle, it should be chocked with brakes set, and ignition keys must be removed and given to the Safety Officer! We also raise the hoods of vehicles used as anchors to signal that the vehicle has been properly secured and is actively being used as an anchor point. An ideal anchor point on a vehicle, using a closed shackle. When vehicles are used as anchor points, the Safety Officer has the keys and the hood is always up. Anchoring through a wheel rim. (Be sure to avoid sharp edges, brakes and valve stems.) Anchor point around the axle and over the tire. (This configuration provides a higher tending stance.) A rope anchor. At least 3 wraps with the load at the bottom. Padded strap rated at 14,000 Lbs. used to protect a tree. When anchoring with rope or webbing, remember "Wrap 3, Pull 2". (Wrap the anchor 3 times, hook 2 wraps to the load, adjust so the knot is against the anchor and visible.)   Basic Pulley Systems The typical pulley systems for "load and go" operations involve what are generally known as "Z-rigs." Basic Z-rigs provide a 3:1 mechanical advantage. These layouts can be compounded to provide greater mechanical advantage but the purpose of this information sheet is to present quick and simple equipment layouts. Z-RIG WITH ONE SINGLE SHEAVE AND ONE DOUBLE SHEAVE PULLEY The single pulley is connected to the load while the double pulley is connected to the anchor point. When hooked up the line runs from a hard attachment at the load (usually using a carabiner,) through one sheave of the double sheave pulley, then through the single sheave pulley back at the load, then through the other sheave of the double sheave pulley. Z-RIG WITH SINGLE SHEAVE PULLEYS A Z-rig can be created using single sheave pulleys if a double pulley is not available. This system tends to use up more rope, so using a double sheave pulley at the anchor point is more efficient. Continue to Carabiner Key Points Return to Part Two Return to Information Sheets and Resource Guides Return to Sample Incident Responses Return to LRTC TLAR / EVAC Page The training information presented in these information sheets and guides is offered for illustrative and volunteer refresher purposes only. It is not a substitute for actual hands-on training. Press Back to return to the page which brought you here Return to LRTC Wild Horse Mentors Return to KBR Training Page Go To KBR Horse Net